Introducing EIP-7702: Accelerating Ethereum Adoption by Improving Account Abstraction

author:QuickNode

Compiled by: Xiaobai Navigation coderworld

EIP-7702 aims to enable large-scale adoption of account abstraction on Ethereum through its lean and simple implementation.

Recently, the emergence of Account Abstraction (AA) has attracted widespread attention and is seen as a key solution to Ethereum's user experience problems. However, although AA is considered to have great potential, it has always been a difficult problem in practical applications until recently.

Today, there is hope with the emergence of EIP-7702, an innovative proposal put forward by Vitalik Buterin and other core Ethereum developers to simplify the implementation of account abstraction.

In this post, we will dive into the details of EIP-7702, why it is necessary, the improvements it brings, and how it can pave the way for mainstream adoption of Ethereum, making it more user-friendly and future-proof. This goal is even more feasible after the recent approval of the Ethereum ETF application.

But first, what is account abstraction?

What is account abstraction?

Account abstraction allows the creation of smartcontractAccounts are used to initiate and execute transactions without the need for an Externally Owned Account (EOA).Xiaobai Navigation, account abstraction aims to makeweb3The experience is so seamless as Web2 that everyday users won’t even notice they are using it, yet still enjoy all its benefits.

In the Web2 era, when customers swipe their cards at the checkout terminal, all the backend systems and mechanisms running behind the scenes are working silently; customers only care about whether they can complete the payment and do not care about the complex details of the transaction process. Similarly, the goal of account abstraction is toPotential application scenarios, providing the most seamless and simple Web3 user experience possible.

The potential of account abstraction

The power of account abstraction is that it allows developers to integrate complex functionality directly into user accounts, such as automated trading,walletRecovery mechanism, etc. QuickNode provides aDetailed Guide, to help developers further explore account abstraction or seek practical guidance. If you want to implement account abstraction in your project, you can obtain Stackup through QuickNode's marketPlugins, simplifying the process.

While the concept has generated considerable interest, as more and more support for account abstractionwalletAs demonstrated, the lack of a native Ethereum implementation highlights the inherent adoption challenges.

The Challenge of Account Abstraction

There are multiple challenges in implementing account abstraction on Ethereum. The ERC-4337 standard has inherent problems and there are additional challenges in its implementation. The main risks include:

1. Risks of separation of ownership and control:Account abstraction can separate the ownership and control of an account to the 'EntryPoint'contract，这带来了未授权交易和智能contract漏洞的风险。开发者需要实施技术防护措施来减轻这些风险，增加了复杂性。

2. ERC-4337compatibilityLogistical risks:The existing EOA is much simpler than the complex functions provided by ERC-4337, requiring a lot of background logic and code refactoring.SafetyDecentralized packagers and updating popular infrastructure like MetaMask add to the logistical challenges.

(source:EIP-4337 Official Documentation)

3. The EntryPoint contract acts asSingle Point of Failure:ERC-4337 relies heavily on the EntryPoint contract to process and verify user operations, becoming a single point of failure and vulnerable toSafetyImpact of risks and reliability issues.

Additionally, smart contract account transactions are more expensive than traditional EOA transactions and add complexity.

EIP-7702: Proposed Solution

EIP-7702 addresses these challenges by combining the best features of ERC-4337, EIP-3074, and EIP-5003 while mitigating their respective limitations. This approach ensures that the implementation of account abstraction is more efficient and compatible.

Key components:

• ERC-4337 – Smart ContractsAccount:Allowing smart contracts to run as user accounts enables developers to build complex transaction logic and user experience improvements. But it lacks native support for converting EOAs to smart contract accounts, has no backward compatibility, and makes transactions costly.

• EIP-3074 – AUTH and AUTHCALL:The EOA function is enhanced by introducing two new opcodes AUTH and AUTHCALL to temporarily act as a smart contract account. However, it requires a hard fork and relies on the caller, leading to centralization risks.

• EIP-5003 – AUTHUSURP:Introducing the AUTHUSURP opcode to permanently migrate EOAs to smart contract accounts. This is achieved by deploying smart contract code to the EIP-3074 authorization address and revoking the original private key access.

此外，EIP-7702还引入了一种新型交易类型，允许EOA在单笔交易中临时作为智能合约wallet执行。该临时代码分配是无信任的，与现有ERC-4337基础设施兼容，功能化设计便于集成，并设计为未来可扩展，无需硬分叉。

How EIP-7702 can accelerate Ethereum adoption

EIP-7702 significantly increases the adoption potential of account abstraction on Ethereum through the following features:

1. Trustlessness:EIP-7702 eliminates the need for a central point of trust by temporarily assigning smart contract code to an EOA in a single transaction. This trustless approach eliminates any access or contract signatures after the transaction.

2. compatibility:EIP-7702 is fully compatible with the existing ERC-4337 infrastructure, without the need for hard forks or new opcodes. It works seamlessly between EOA and smart contract accounts, unifying the account abstraction on Ethereum.

3. Function-based Authentication:The EIP-7702 design tightly couples authentication (AUTH) and execution (AUTHCALL), reducing interference and simplifying the transition. This feature-based approach improves the developer experience by reducing the learning curve.

4. Future expansion:EIP-7702 ensures backward compatibility with ERC-4337 accounts with low technical debt. No hard fork is required for maintenance, allowing developers to confidently build long-term solutions.

Developer-friendly account abstraction path

To date, the promise of account abstraction has not been realized due to implementation complexity, lack of native support, and different approaches. EIP-7702 provides a developer-friendly solution that directly addresses these core issues, making EOAs smart contract account-capable and trustless, compatible, and extensible in the future.

As Ethereum continues to evolve, EIP-7702 represents an important step toward realizing the true potential of account abstraction, paving the way for a more user-friendly and developer-friendly ecosystem.

The article comes from the Internet:Introducing EIP-7702: Accelerating Ethereum Adoption by Improving Account Abstraction

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